Case Study of a Troubled Adolescent due to Bullying

When Joe joint collage he faced some awkward behaviour, where older boys exerted force on him to undertake various self-conscious activities. This was obviously possible due to imbalance of supremacy caused by difference on their learning levels.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Case Study of a Troubled Adolescent due to Bullying specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The older boys had engagements that exerted some superior external forces on him since he was younger, to unwillingly participation in various activities including sexually related performances. His naà ¯ve state or innocence did not assist him to understand the state of affairs and he often persevered decisively on a thought that it was the norm at college level. The option of forcing resist was not logical since the possibility of a win was probably nil. Joe’s college lifestyles mainly involved work-related strains, unattended depression, an xiety and frequent physical injuries inflicted by college mates who were older. He would persevere quietly perhaps due to the fact that majority of the freshmen like him underwent similar circumstances or probably worse. This weakened his self-esteem and he felt an inferior party in the institution. The bulling and unsafe states of affairs were mainly in existence due to drug related abuses. Joe often suffered from some obvious physical signs of bullying and physical molestation such as walking difficulties, sitting and playing difficulties due to incurred injuries. He showed the impression of strain during such common activities for instance during games. He also had constant and common long-term pains or physical irritation. Different bruises and scars marks on his body were equally an indication that he was a victim of physical bullying. Joe underwent physical abuse such as corporal punishment, slapping and kicking particularly by those who had been accorded managerial authority to teach and maintain good institutional values among new students. The physically abusive students would therefore illegally justify their actions by insisting on the need to teach and emphasize discipline. They forcefully and unlawfully implemented the ‘spare the rod, spoil the child’ rule, that supported physical abuses instead of physical-corrective punishments. The senior student therefore abuses the authority accorded to them to instil disciplining by teaching the right from wrong and instead instilled fear and other severe emotional effects through dictatorship and bulling.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Joe lacked the courage to express obvious bullying related depression, since the situation had become a familiar situation. His lowered self-esteem would make him to observe the common behaviours of the older boys quietly and accept the situation as a cultur al practice. According to Albert Bundura’s Social Learning Theory, like Joe, most people learn through observation of state of affairs and often later imitate the happening, considering them as the norm. Eventually, physical or emotional abuses such as bullying are thus replicated and have diverse effects especially during adulthood. Joe underwent bodily harm that included emotional, physical and sexual acts. The social learning theory indicates that the biggest effect of abusive acts such as bulling causes huge emotional effects on the victim because the acts are captured by their attention. The victim therefore has the ability to commit the observations to memory. The observations and recording of such acts function as motivational factors to committing similar acts on others. Joe’s college lifestyle was an unpredictable state full of emotional confusions. There was evident lack of care, love and safety. Most of his time was spent alone and the loneliness was clearly a huge emotional effect that brutally damaged his mental status and lowered his social developments. The effects of bullying are currently evident on Joe’s lifestyle although he tried to conceal the memory during his freshman period. Being silence over the bulling acts was his style of healing and he had discomforts of discussing the subject matter, besides revealing the cruelty. He would try to conceal the exploitation or negligence but it emphasized guiltiness, shame and other anomalous problems especially during his later years of college. One of the major elements of childhood abuse evident in Joe’s life was his unpredictability behaviour. He would agonize in anger, and often aimed at asserting control instead of reacting lovingly in the aim of enhancing his social lifestyle. Currently, Joe is eager and focused on the need to instilling good behaviours in others too through action that would implant fear on them. Some of the signs inhibited by Joe include unwarran ted withdrawal reactions. He is in constant fear of an attack or nervous about the possibility of being responsible of a wrong act. He is excessively aggressive during reaction.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Case Study of a Troubled Adolescent due to Bullying specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After a certain abusive period, Joe confirms the Bandura’s social learning theory through his actions. He had quietly formed the idea of college bullying behaviours by observing how they emerged and occurred. He replicates some of the bullying act on fellow students especially those in his level of study. He therefore started to practice the acts of bullying by referencing the coded information he recorded when he was also bullied. The coded information therefore acted as a guide for his actions. Some of the bullying acts that Joe underwent as a freshman in college such as sexual abuse were subtle. The emotiona l effects therefore involved constant personal humiliations, and he consequently suffers from continuous shame, or disparage. Today, he continuously demeans his colleagues during so that they could suffer similar humiliation like the one he experienced quietly. The common bullying that Joe suffered involved calling of names and comparison to negative aspects that would rupture his ego. A was often called worthless names, yelled at, threatened or bullied. As the social learning theory indicate, through observation, a victim of abuse such as bullying often suffers from suppressed feelings of holding back traumatizing memories and idealizing guiltiness. Joe suffered from this reaction, to counter-attack abusive memories. He would distinctively disassociate from any known original causes or effects of bullying during a discussion. He practiced the acts of bullying as a unique ways of forgetting sources of his anger, helplessness, anxiety, despair and pain. Bullying is the cause of Joeâ €™s higher propensity to engaging risky behaviours today, such as drugs abuse or unprotected sexual engagements, violence or criminal responses.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The bullying made him form a cohesive dissociation from his family and friends. He is currently repellent against potential bullies and would engage criminal behaviours or contrary prefer acts that are in line with bullying traits such as drug abuse, psychic activities, and prostitution. Regardless of the low self-esteem that he suffers from, Joe often wants to be manager among colleagues. Management provides a chance to react back and revenge earlier mistreatments. Authority provides him a scapegoat to release earlier emotional tensions that he held back. Joe has poor trust and difficulties in maintaining strong relationships. His self –esteem is lost and he has fear within, which causes difficulty in maintaining relationships. He feels dehumanized, worthlessness and suffers from a damaged personality, and therefore lacks advocacy to strive for excellence due to poor self-image. His emotions are troubled and he lacks the ability to express emotions safely. Bulling is therefo re a main source of violence, anxiousness, depression and angered personalities. The overall effect of such personalities is involvement in misbehaviours such as drug abuse. Possible solutions to address bullying Bullied victims repress the effects, and therefore these effects reoccur easily during their later lifestyles depending on the intensity. The effects and consequences are thus more severe and rigid to deal with. According to the social learning theory, these are learnt behaviours through observation and internalization; therefore, to shatter the irresponsible behaviours, it is important that a victim seek professional assistance. Therapy classes and other specialized assistance help to control the emotions of the victim. Personal care is furthermore an important factor of further prevention of such abuse due to control of emotions. Neutralization of anger through control of emotions and efforts to change personal qualities is an effective effort of managing bullies and thus breaking the abuse cycle. It might be difficult to approach a bullied individual to assist him or her since the situation might be overwhelming and confusing, but bold steps are better especially when taken earlier whenever a suspicious signs of bullied person are noted. An abused personality requires composed reassurance and categorical sustenance. A victim becomes ease and ready to share once reassurance of help is available. Bulling is comparable to powerful experiences of stress, which persists for a while, until victims are not able to withstand. This form of stress therefore prolongs overtime and changes the way brain develops. The person acquires the behaviour through observation of similar actions as the social learning theory indicates, and by involving professional caregivers especially adults, the stress narrows to manageable levels. This point outs that there exist appropriate intervention or support to assists victims bring back the response system to the normal baseli ne. Maltreatment such as bullying is a case that is comparable to toxic stress. In order to prevent such maltreatments, there is need to understand the causes and circumstances that cause the bullies to acquire these behaviours. The four level social-ecological models assists caregivers in understanding the potential strategies for preventing such abuse at specific stages. The theory utilizes the concept of an individual case stage and embodies it to a relationship stage, external communal relationships stage and eventually consideration of the societal factors that cans assist in solving the severe cases. The model is illustrated in the diagram below. Figure 1: The Social-Ecological Model This term paper on Case Study of a Troubled Adolescent due to Bullying was written and submitted by user CaptainCross to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

An analysis of Baz Luhrmanns film versions treatment of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essays

An analysis of Baz Luhrmanns film versions treatment of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essays An analysis of Baz Luhrmanns film versions treatment of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Paper An analysis of Baz Luhrmanns film versions treatment of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Paper Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet Act 3 Scene 1 is one of the climaxes of Romeo and Juliet, written by Shakespeare in the 16th Century. Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story and Act 3 Scene 1 highlights the problems faced by the characters during this play. In this scene Tybalt plans to kill Romeo but he is unwilling to fight. Mercutio includes himself in the quarrel resulting in his death. The tragic accident angers Romeo who then in response kills Tybalt. Shakespeares use of dramatic devices include the use of puns, irony and the setting of the scene on Veronas Streets. Baz Luhrmanns techniques in this scene to create tension are the use of sound, costume, camera angles and visual interpretation. During Act 3 Scene 1, Baz Luhrmanns Techniques make a big impact on the tension of the production. The location of Act 3 Scene 1 was originally on Veronas streets in Italy but Luhrmann changes the location the location to Verona Beach with some aspects of Mexico. This is a very useful and practical use of location because of the change of atmosphere synchronising with the characters moods. The use of the beach also includes contradiction which makes the angered action seem more powerful; a beach is a place where people go to have fun and enjoy themselves. But when the setting of the scene moves to behind the arch, you can see the poverty area of the town making the actions and the grudge between the two rich families unnecessary. There is a lot of tension at the beginning of the scene between Mercutio and Tybalt; the camera shots used to show this include close ups on their faces and spinning around them to show the audience the personal vies of the characters and the big picture. This means the audience has more knowledge about the actions and consequences than the characters. There is a good use of body language in this scene and that is shown by zooming onto parts of the body. For instance, when Romeo drops the gun after shooting Tybalt, you see a close up of the gun slip from his hands. This is used because silence and movement and create more tension than the words because of the close-up. Baz Luhrmann adds lines when Tybalt questions Romeo on why Romeo wont fight. In the script Mercutio say O calm, dishonourable, vile submission! Alla stoccata carries it away [Draws. ] Tybalt, you rat-catcher, will you walk? This line is broken into bits in the movie while Tybalt urges Romeo to fight. Baz Luhrmann has done this because it gives Mercutio more of a good reason to fight Tybalt on Romeos behalf. To show the genre of the scene before The Capulets show up Luhrmann uses pastiche. He uses pastiche from other Shakespeare productions on Posters e. g. shoot forth Thunder. There is also use of a cowboy themes from the western movies when they show Mercutio and Tybalt are preparing for a fight. Baz Luhrmanns use of characters in Act 3 Scene1 is chosen so every character can be disguised by their costumes, speech and race. In this scene Shakespeare builds up tension by setting the scene on Verona streets on a hot afternoon. Luhrmann continues this idea by setting it at midday. The Montagues look prepared for the heat with their loose Hawaiian shirts. The Capulets are wearing tight, black, formal clothes. Mercutios costume is a mixture of both houses because he is wearing a formal shirt but the buttons are un-done so he is comfortable for the weather. Luhrmann uses this technique so it is easier for the audience to understand the association of the heat and anger. The grudge between Montagues and Capulets goes back many years ago and Shakespeare hints it to being on religious grounds. Luhrmann expands on this idea. The Montagues are shown as a Central American family while on the other hand the Capulets are shown as Mexican. Once again Mercutio doesnt come into any of these two categories; he is shown as an African American which is the same as the Prince, his uncle. Mercutio is shown different to both Montague and Capulets because he is not on any side and doesnt let the grudge change any of his plans. Luhrmann has taken into mind religion being one of the causes of the grudge which might be possible because in Shakespeares life there was a lot of controversy about religion. Some speeches are said in different ways so there is more tension built up by them, for instance Benvolio says to Mercutio I pray thee, good Mercutio, lets retire but then says to himself The day is hot, the Capulets are aboard, and if we meet we shall not escape a brawl, for now these hot days is the mad blood stirring. Benvolio says this because he knows the consequence of everybodys moods and this makes the audience fear for Romeo. The type of music and language adaptation makes a difference to Act 3 Scene 1. During this scene the tempo and style of the music changes very often to stay up with the fast pace of the scene. When Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet, he did not aim for making it a movie so no music was ever intended. Baz Luhrmann added music to make the movie more modern and suitable for the 1996 audience. The Music enhances the mood and atmosphere by interpreting what is going to happen next. The genre of the Music is mostly is pop and would have been recognised by people easily. When the tension between Tybalt and Mercutio builds up so does the pace pf the music making your heart beat faster. When Romeo enters the scene there is calm music because he has just returned from his marriage and wants peace. There is a sudden change in music when Tybalt kicks Romeo through the arch and the violence starts to get worse. The music enhances the mood and atmosphere by interpreting what is going to happen next. Act 3 Scene 1 can get quiet confusing because it is fast paced so Luhrmann uses sound effects used to help distinguish the important action. These include the slicing of the glass into Mercutio and the echo of the gun dropping when Romeo shoots Tybalt. Baz Luhrmann does this so that the turning points of the scene are highlighted. Luhrmann also repeats important lines so the audience can completely understand them as shown when Romeo says Either thou or I must go with him. Baz Luhrmann has thought bout every aspect of his movie carefully and always kept Shakespeares script in mind and the audience of 1996 in mind. The audience would have enjoyed this movie very much and would have been able to think and understand Romeo and Juliet better than they would have if they read the script. Baz Luhrmann aimed the movie toward young adults. He did this very well as he used popular music, bright costumes for the Montagues so the audience sympathises for them. He has made Act 3 Scene 1 very fast moving and interesting but keeps the violence to a limit. Luhrmann has brought Shakespeares script into life by adding in his own ideas and sticking to crucial parts of the play which made it more interesting. I think that Baz Luhrmann has created a wonderful scene in this movie and helped me understand the scene much better. Overall, I think it was the best interpretation of Act 3 Scene 1 I have ever seen.

Mythical Man Month Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mythical Man Month - Essay Example It is only after IT based business house developing and altering large potential customers that the requirement has raised to develop latest and new software's and hardware. Necessity is the mother of invention. As w all know, we tend to learn only when there is a need to. To compete with the new requirement software engineering has evolved over the years and trying to perform to the core. In fact learning in the software engineering course is phenomenal over the years. The software and the supporting hardware, which we have now, were not available in those days. The software companies in olden days were lagging in planning, coding, scheduling and repartitioning. Now a days planning and scheduling has become organized and well treated aspect of development. Software test has come a long way over the decades. The testing techniques now has grown in numbers and are able to test the developed software using different tools within no time. Testing engines have learnt a lot from the developed versions of testing techniques. It is sure that over the years IT companies have learnt a lot as how to make profit within minimum number of employees for a particular project. In olden days training used to play a vital role before the project is assigned to teams. Every member of the team is initially trained almost for a month. Then comes scheduling the project and assigning the modules to the team members. Number of members per team is the key aspect for a project. Since each employee must have almost three times of communication between the team. As the number of team members' increase then there should be three times more communication per each employee for the successful completion of the project. It is almost like closing a fire with gasoline if we increase the number employees for project. Because there should be perfect communication between the team if the number of employees are increased or it ends in to a disaster like if we keep on closing a fire with gasoline. The skill and interlining of the employees has also shown a phenomenal growth over the decades. Until recently software developed were small and the client requirement was also not so demanding. But at the perfect age requirements are matching global standards. Silver bullet in this context is a weapon, a tool to suppress the horrors created by the software bugs and errors. The intention is to use the silver bullets, which can magically lay the errors and bugs to rest. Software developing does find many difficulties. There are no silver bullets available for software. There are no substantial inventions in this field. Considering the inherent properties and irreducible essence of software system, the following are the problems faced by software engineering: Complexity Conformity Changeability Invisibility Software is too complex than human construct. Since no two parts are alike. Similar parts are generally made as a subroutine. Computers are the complex products. This inherent complexity makes conceiving desirability no difficult in a more simply way to classify the software entity is that they are not repletion of the different elements. The elements interact with each other in a non-linear fashion there by increasing the complexity more than linearly. Software entities in olden days use to suffer a lot due to hardware constraints since software are developed

Concert Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concert Review - Essay Example The combination of these four elements allow for a truly powerful musical connection with the audience. The Celtic Women sung a Capella, with the added orchestra and percussion section beautifully. Some critics have criticized the Celtic Women for using prerecorded music for some of the orchestra. I personally could not tell a difference. The orchestra preforming on the albums is large. It would be impossible to make an orchestra that large to tour on a busy schedule like the Celtic Women have. The live orchestra preformed flawlessly. The prerecorded music did not detract from the overall show. The two songs I enjoyed the most were â€Å"Danny Boy† and â€Å"Somewhere Over the Rainbow†. These two songs were my favorites, because I have heard them a million times. From high school performances of â€Å"Danny Boy† to Judy Garlands rendition of â€Å"Somewhere Over the Rainbow†, I have heard these two songs in a variety of ways. The Celtic Womens performance of these numbers have to the best I have ever heard. The soul wrenching emotion placed into each song made me feel true sorrow and hope. One does not just listen to the Celtic Womens music, but feels it as well. The atmosphere of the Celtic Womens concert was also magical. Lights were raised and lowered flatteringly on the Celtic Women, chorus, and orchestra. The costumes of long flowing dresses gave the women an appearance of floating on air. The fiddlers costume was the most amazing, although like the other Celtic Women, this dress allowed her to dance and fiddle at the same time. The effect was like a fairy dancing across the stage. Smoke surrounded the orchestra, giving off a misty Celtic feel. The whole event was magical. Many critics have argued that the Celtic Women are not authentically Celtic, since they play modern songs like â€Å"Somewhere Over the Rainbow† or even songs with Christian

Law dis6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law dis6 - Essay Example It is these decisions that lead to success or failure of the business hence its ability to offset the loan. The organization structure is therefore an important factor to consider when deciding about the loan. A Pre-bureaucratic structure would be best as the business is medium-sized, requires limited specialization and the structures allows for quicker decisions which are imperative in a restaurant business. How realistic and achievable the business plan is, the borrowing history of the partners, the values of the collateral provided by the partners, the ability of the partners to offset the loan in the period provided should the business fail and the ability of the guarantors, if any, to offset the loan should the partners fail to do so. The nature of the business would make a considerable difference. In a franchise, there are less teething problems as the brand name is already established. The business model is already tested as the franchisor is successful. However on the considerations, one must appreciate that the decision making of the entrepreneurs is limited as the franchisor has a significant say in the operation of the business hence their growth may be limited to a certain level. The amount of fees to be paid to the franchisor as royalty as well as what the franchisee is to pay as training and advisory fees. The fees should not be too large as to hinder leave too little money for the daily operations of the business. Another factor to consider is the role in decision making of the franchisor which should not be too large and the duration of time that the franchise is supposed to take place. The creditor ought also to consider the business format- whether trade name franchising or business format franchising The Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) which should be made available to the franchisee by the franchisor, two weeks before payment of any fees. The document contains

The hippocratic oath

The hippocratic oath This is the scenario: You are terminally ill, all medical treatments acceptable to you have been exhausted, and the suffering in its different forms is unbearable. Because the illness is serious, you recognize that your life is drawing to a close. Euthanasia comes to mind as a way of release. The dilemma is awesome. But it has to be faced. Should you battle on, take the pain, endure the indignity, and await the inevitable end, which may be days, weeks, or months away? Or should you take control of the situation and resort to some form of euthanasia, which in its modern-language definition has come to mean help with a good death? (Humphry, 1) The aforementioned circumstance is one that millions of people meet in the United States each year; despite the worlds advanced medical technologies, no one has discovered cures for diseases such as cancer or AIDS. Euthanasia is when a doctor intentionally kills a person by the administration of drugs at that persons voluntary and competent reque st. Physician assisted suicide is when a doctor intentionally helps a patient to commit suicide by providing drugs for self-administration at that persons voluntary and competent request. The euthanasia of humans probably dates back to the beginning of time but the earliest mention of it can be noted in the Hippocratic Oath. The use of the Hippocratic Oath has continued since it was adopted by those in the medical profession but not all types of euthanasia are openly linked to doctors. Uses in colonial America, Europe during the Holocaust, and even most cases in modern society today do not involve direct contact by a doctor. The Hippocratic Oath was written between 400 and 300 B.C. The exact date is not known because the work is likely not that of Hippocrates; many professors and higher scholars who taught in that era took the works of their pupils and submitted them as their own. This oath is only mentioned in accordance when speaking about euthanasia because it is the first document essentially discerning the act of euthanasia. Hippocrates stated I will prescribe regimens for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone. I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a woman a pessary to cause an abortion. In the modern version of the Hippocratic Oath, this has been translated to I will apply dietic measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment; I will keep them from harm and injustice. I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I ma ke a suggestion to this effect. Similarly I will not give to a woman an abortive remedy. In purity and holiness, I will guard my life and my art. Around the 1970s, many medical schools in America and other countries chose to abandon the use of the Hippocratic oath as part of their ceremony for graduation so many doctors who treat patients now have no idea what the oath is comprised of. The old Hippocratic Oath is no longer suitable for modern times and is, therefore, subject to a variety of interpretations. Depending on the individual, such oaths may be perceived critical to the way in which a particular physician perceives himself or herself, or it may be seen as another rite of passage, important in form but unimportant in detail. Even, however, if it is believed to be merely a symbolic rite of passage that does not become a part of what an individual thinks he/she is, it does constitute a public avowal and a public pledge. These oaths almost invariably promise, above all, fealty to ones actual or potential patients and to work for their good regardless of religion or lack thereof, race, ethnicity, gender, party or socioeconomic considerations. It is said to be freely taken and not to have been coerced (Loewy, 1). This being said, most doctors assume that it is morally wrong to kill a patient no matter their medical history or the oath they took at the time of their completion of medical school. When confronted with the concept of human euthanasia, countless people would say that they would want their family member alleviated of pain when in the process of death, so why not provide a catalyst in the process of dying by early euthanization instead of letting them experience misery for a longer period? The main question when speaking of physician assisted suicide, or even suicide for medical reasons, is: should it be conducted? From The Arguments for Euthanasia, Past U.S. and British advocates typically adduced the same four arguments used today to justify euthanasia: 1) It is a human right born of self-determination; 2) it would produce more good than harm, mainly through pain relief; 3) there is no substantive distinction between active euthanasia and the withdrawal of the life-sustaining medical interventions; and 4) its legalization would not produce deleterious consequence. As Eugene Debs and Dr. Millard claimed in 1913 and 1931, respectively, patients have a right to con trol the manner of their death and, more specifically, terminally ill patients have the right to a quick and painless death with physicians help (Emanuel, 3). Overall, Eugene Debs and Dr. Millard were correct in their beliefs at the time but as the world has become industrialized, so have the reasons developed for which euthanasia should be legalized. As stated before, the natural extension of patient rights and alleviation of suffering of terminally ill patients are key points; however, now we can see reasons such as minimization of health care costs when it does not aid in the betterment of the patient. Emanuel brings up another great factor in his Arguments for Euthanasia passage when he mentions a passage from A. Bach-Medico-Legal Congress, There are also cases in which the ending of human life by physicians is not only morally right, but an act of humanity. I refer to cases of absolutely incurable, fatal and agonizing disease or condition, where death is certain and necessarily attended by excruciating pain, when it is the wish of the victim that a deadly drug should be administered to end his life and terminate his irremediable suffering (Emanuel, 3). Many people have written letters and provided in depth stories as to why they think suicide by the terminally ill is justified. Before Carol Bernstein Ferry took her own life in 2001, she wrote a letter explaining her decision in the hopes that it would contribute to an understanding of euthanasia. That is why I am writing this letter, explaining why I choose to take active steps to end my life rather than waiting for death to come gradually. With his letter I also want to make it clear that, although I have the support and tacit agreement of my children and close friends, no one but myself will take the steps that cause death. If is unfortunate that I must say this; our laws are at a destructive point just now, so if anyone other than myself actually causes my death, that person will be liable to convictio n as a felon. What an absurdity! To help someone facing a time-whether short or long-of pain and distress, whose death coming bit by bit can cause major sorrow and anxiety to family and friends, not to mention the medical help, quite useless, that must be expended in order to maintain a bearable level of pain-that this sensible deed can be construed a crime is a blot on tour legal system and on our power of thought (Ferry, 8). Many in government either feel very negatively towards Ferrys attitude or are afraid to express their true feelings on the subject as the opposite spectrum of the euthanasia debate-negatives of legalization-is broached. Any of the types of physician assisted suicide, whether it be direct (as in the doctor being present) or indirect (as in the doctor prescribing enough medication to overdose) can be construed as homicide, although it would technically be hard to tell in the case of indirect assistance since many of the amounts of medicine that terminally ill pa tients take can cause an overdose simply by accident. Much weight is placed on the Hippocratic injunction to do no harm. It has been asserted that sanctioning physician-assisted suicide would give doctors as license to kill, and physicians who accede to such requests have been branded by some as murderers. This is both illogical and inflammatory. Withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment-for example, disconnecting a ventilator at a patients request-is accepted by society, yet this requires a more definitive act by a physician than prescribing a medication that a patient has requested and is free to take or not, as he or she sees fit. Why should the latter be perceived as doing harm when the former is not (Rogatz, 31)? When articulating on the subject of euthanasia, most people present the fact that advanced medical technology has made it possible to increase human life span and treat patients in pain as in The Ethics of Euthanasia, It is argued that requests for assisted suicide come largely from patients who havent received adequate pain control or who are clinically depressed and havent been properly diagnosed or treated. There is no question that proper management of such conditions would significantly reduce the number of patients who consider suicide.However, treatable pain is not the only reason, or even the most common reason, why patients seek to end their lives. Severe body wasting, intractable vomiting, urinary and bowel incontinence, immobility, and total dependence are recognized as more important than pain in the desire for hastened death (Rogatz, 31). This stated, the more dependent people become upon their family or people employed to care for them, the more they know that their lives are ready to be over. At this point in time, many people who wish to die can simply have themselves removed from whatever machines may be extending their lives though this rarely leads to an immediate death and causes numerous patients to suffer if doctors will not p rescribe medication for pain treatment. It is argued that requests for assisted suicide are not frequent enough to warrant changing the law. Interestingly, some physicians say they have rarely, if ever, received such requests, while others say they have often received requests. This is a curious discrepancy, but I think it can be explained: the patient who seeks help with suicide will cautiously test a physicians receptivity to the idea and simply wont approach a physician who is unreceptive. Thus, there are two subsets of physicians in this situation: those who are open to the idea of assisted suicide and those who arent (Rogatz, 31). This seems to be a trend among authors who loom along the offenses of being protagonists in the line of PAS because Humphry and Clement also mention the decline of the doctor-patient relationship early in their book. Societal changes and discretionary abuses within the medical community have led to a distrust of the medical profession and a decline in the doctor-patient relationship. This deterioration of confidence is yet another force of activism that has propelled PAS to its current mainstream status. The elements of trust that existed before World War II were strong enough to legitimize a paternalistic attitude on the part of the doctor. But when trust diminished, so did the publics willingness to accept the doctors authority. Patient autonomy, spurred on by the rights culture of the 1960, increased, and with it came further acceptance of the right-to-die movementOpinion surveys have, over the years, inquired into the degree of confidence that Americans have in various institutions including congress, the press, universities, and the medical profession. The declines have been dramatic and nowhere more pronounced than in medicine. Looking at confidence in medicine from 1966-1994, the numbers speak for themselves: seventy-three percent (1966), forty-three percent (1975), thirty-five percent (1985), and twenty-three percent (19 94) (Clement, 35). Granted the studies are quite a bit dated, this was the most up-to-date information when the book was published, and is still the most correctly represented data used today. It is often argued that once we open the door physician-assisted suicide, we will find ourselves on a slippery slope

The Life and Role of a Knight in The Middle Ages :: essays research papers

The Middle Ages - The Life and Role of a Knight A Knights life was a hard life, you could only become one in a few ways, one being the most common passing a life-time test. Knights were sworn to protect Churches, the weak and battle all evil. When a boy was eight years old, he was sent to the neighboring castle where he was trained as a page. The boy was usually the son of a knight or of a member of the aristocracy. He spent most of his time strengthening his body, wrestling and riding horses. He also learned how to fight with a spear and a sword. He practiced against a wooden dummy called a quintain. It was essentially a heavy sack or dummy in the form of a human. It was hung on a wooden pole along with a shield. The young page had to hit the shield in its centre. When hit, the whole structure would spin around and around. The page had to get away quickly without getting hit. The young man was also taught more civilized topics. He would be taught to read and write by a schoolmaster. He could also be taught some Latin and French. The lady of the castle taught the page to sing and dance and how to behave in the king?s court. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, a boy became a squire in service to a knight. His duties included dressing the knight in the morning, serving all of the knight?s meals, caring for the knight?s horse, and cleaning the knight?s armor and weapons. He followed the knight to tournaments and assisted his lord on the battlefield. A squire also prepared himself by learning how to handle a sword and lance while wearing forty pounds of armor and riding a horse. When he was about twenty, a squire could become a knight after proving himself worthy. A lord would agree to knight him in a dubbing ceremony. The night before the ceremony, the squire would dress in a white tunic and red robes. He would then fast and pray all night for the purification of his soul. The chaplain would bless the future knight's sword and then lay it on the chapel or church's altar. Before dawn, he took a bath to show that he was pure, and he dressed in his best clothes. When dawn came, the priest would hear the young man's confession, a Catholic contrition rite.